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今天给大家分享一篇C语言编码规范,可以从源头上规避掉很多bug,希望能对大家有所帮助。
一、最重要的规则
编写代码时最重要的一条规则是:检查周围的代码并尝试模仿它。
作为维护人员,如果收到的补丁明显与周围代码的编码风格不同,这是令人沮丧的。这是不尊重人的,就像某人穿着泥泞的鞋子走进一间一尘不染的房子。
因此,无论本文推荐的是什么,如果已经编写了代码并且您正在对其进行修补,请保持其当前的样式一致,即使它不是您最喜欢的样式。
二、一般性的规则
这里列出了最明显和最重要的一般规则。在你继续阅读其他章节之前,请仔细检查它们:
- 使用C99标准
- 不使用制表符,而是使用空格
- 每个缩进级别使用4个空格
- 在关键字和左括号之间使用一个空格
- 在函数名和左括号之间不要使用空格
- int32_t a = sum(4, 3); /* OK */
- int32_t a = sum (4, 3); /* Wrong */
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- 不要在变量/函数/宏/类型中使用_或前缀。这是为C语言本身保留的
- 对于严格的模块私有函数,使用prv_ name前缀
- 对于包含下划线_ char的变量/函数/宏/类型,只能使用小写字母
- 左花括号总是与关键字(for, while, do, switch, if,…)在同一行
- size_t i;
- for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { /* OK */
- }
- for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i){ /* Wrong */
- }
- for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) /* Wrong */
- {
- }
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- int32_t a;
- a = 3 + 4; /* OK */
- for (a = 0; a < 5; ++a) /* OK */
- a=3+4; /* Wrong */
- a = 3+4; /* Wrong */
- for (a=0;a<5;++a) /* Wrong */
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- func_name(5, 4); /* OK */
- func_name(4,3); /* Wrong */
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- 不要初始化静态和全局变量为0(或NULL),让编译器为您做
- static int32_t a; /* OK */
- static int32_t b = 4; /* OK */
- static int32_t a = 0; /* Wrong */
- void my_func(void) {
- static int32_t* ptr;/* OK */
- static char abc = 0;/* Wrong */
- }
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- void my_func(void) {
- char a; /* OK */
- char b; /* Wrong, variable with char type already exists */
- char a, b; /* OK */
- }
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i. 自定义结构和枚举
ii. 整数类型,更宽的无符号类型优先
iii. 单/双浮点
- int my_func(void) {
- /* 1 */
- my_struct_t my; /* First custom structures */
- my_struct_ptr_t* p; /* Pointers too */
- /* 2 */
- uint32_t a;
- int32_t b;
- uint16_t c;
- int16_t g;
- char h;
- /* ... */
- /* 3 */
- double d;
- float f;
- }
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- 总是在块的开头声明局部变量,在第一个可执行语句之前
- 在for循环中声明计数器变量
- /* OK */
- for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
- /* OK, if you need counter variable later */
- size_t i;
- for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
- if (...) {
- break;
- }
- }
- if (i * 10) {
- }
- /* Wrong */
- size_t i;
- for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) ...
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- void a(void) {
- /* Avoid function calls when declaring variable */
- int32_t a, b = sum(1, 2);
- /* Use this */
- int32_t a, b;
- b = sum(1, 2);
- /* This is ok */
- uint8_t a = 3, b = 4;
- }
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- 除了char、float或double之外,始终使用stdint.h标准库中声明的类型。例如,8位的uint8_t等
- 不要使用stdbool.h库。分别使用1或0表示真或假
- /* OK */
- uint8_t status;
- status = 0;
- /* Wrong */
- #include <stdbool.h>
- bool status = true;
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- 永远不要与真实相比较。例如,使用if(check_func()){…}替换if (check_func() * 1)
- 总是将指针与空值进行比较
- void* ptr;
- /* ... */
- /* OK, compare against NULL */
- if (ptr * NULL || ptr != NULL) {
- }
- /* Wrong */
- if (ptr || !ptr) {
- }
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- int32_t a = 0;
- ...
- a++; /* Wrong */
- ++a; /* OK */
- for (size_t j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {} /* OK */
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- 总是使用size_t作为长度或大小变量
- 如果函数不应该修改指针所指向的内存,则总是使用const作为指针
- 如果不应该修改函数的形参或变量,则总是使用const
- /* When d could be modified, data pointed to by d could not be modified */
- void
- my_func(const void* d) {
- }
- /* When d and data pointed to by d both could not be modified */
- void
- my_func(const void* const d) {
- }
- /* Not required, it is advised */
- void
- my_func(const size_t len) {
- }
- /* When d should not be modified inside function, only data pointed to by d could be modified */
- void
- my_func(void* const d) {
- }
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- 当函数可以接受任何类型的指针时,总是使用void *,不要使用uint8_t *。函数在实现时必须注意正确的类型转换
- /*
- * To send data, function should not modify memory pointed to by `data` variable
- * thus `const` keyword is important
- *
- * To send generic data (or to write them to file)
- * any type may be passed for data,
- * thus use `void *`
- */
- /* OK example */
- void send_data(const void* data, size_t len) { /* OK */
- /* Do not cast `void *` or `const void *` */
- const uint8_t* d = data;/* Function handles proper type for internal usage */
- }
- void send_data(const void* data, int len) { /* Wrong, not not use int */
- }
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- 总是使用括号和sizeof操作符
- 不要使用变长数组。使用动态内存分配代替标准C malloc和自由函数,或者如果库/项目提供了自定义内存分配,使用它的实现看看LwMEM,一个自定义内存管理库。
- /* OK */
- #include <stdlib.h>
- void
- my_func(size_t size) {
- int32_t* arr;
- arr = malloc(sizeof(*arr) * n); /* OK, Allocate memory */
- arr = malloc(sizeof *arr * n); /* Wrong, brackets for sizeof operator are missing */
- if (arr * NULL) {
- /* FAIL, no memory */
- }
- free(arr); /* Free memory after usage */
- }
- /* Wrong */
- void
- my_func(size_t size) {
- int32_t arr[size]; /* Wrong, do not use VLA */
- }
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- 总是将variable与0进行比较,除非它被视为布尔类型
- 永远不要将布尔处理的变量与0或1进行比较。用NOT(!)代替
- size_t length = 5; /* Counter variable */
- uint8_t is_ok = 0; /* Boolean-treated variable */
- if (length) /* Wrong, length is not treated as boolean */
- if (length > 0) /* OK, length is treated as counter variable containing multi values, not only 0 or 1 */
- if (length * 0) /* OK, length is treated as counter variable containing multi values, not only 0 or 1 */
- if (is_ok) /* OK, variable is treated as boolean */
- if (!is_ok) /* OK, -||- */
- if (is_ok * 1) /* Wrong, never compare boolean variable against 1! */
- if (is_ok * 0) /* Wrong, use ! for negative check */
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- 对于注释,总是使用/* comment */,即使是单行注释
- 在头文件中总是包含带有extern关键字的c++检查
- 每个函数都必须包含doxygen-enabled注释,即使函数是静态的
- 使用英文名称/文本的函数,变量,注释
- 变量使用小写字母
- 如果变量包含多个名称,请使用下划线。force_redraw。不要使用forceRedraw
- 对于C标准库的包含文件,请始终使用<和>。例如,# include < stdlib.h >
- 对于自定义库,请始终使用""。例如,# include“my_library.h”
- 当转换为指针类型时,总是将星号与类型对齐,例如。uint8_t* t = (uint8_t*)var_width_diff_type
- 始终尊重项目或库中已经使用的代码风格
三、注释相关的规则
- 不允许以//开头的注释。总是使用② comment */,即使是单行注释
- 对于多行注释,每行使用空格+星号
- /*
- * This is multi-line comments,
- * written in 2 lines (ok)
- */
- /**
- * Wrong, use double-asterisk only for doxygen documentation
- */
- /*
- * Single line comment without space before asterisk (wrong)
- */
- /*
- * Single line comment in multi-line configuration (wrong)
- */
- /* Single line comment (ok) */
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注释时使用12个缩进(12 * 4个空格)偏移量。如果语句大于12个缩进,将注释4-空格对齐(下面的例子)到下一个可用缩进
- void my_func(void) {
- char a, b;
- a = call_func_returning_char_a(a); /* This is comment with 12*4 spaces indent from beginning of line */
- b = call_func_returning_char_a_but_func_name_is_very_long(a); /* This is comment, aligned to 4-spaces indent */
- }
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四、函数定义的规则
- 每个可以从模块外部访问的函数都必须包含函数原型(或声明)
- 函数名必须小写,可以用下划线_分隔。(这个原则好像因人而异)
- /* OK */
- void my_func(void);
- void myfunc(void);
- /* Wrong */
- void MYFunc(void);
- void myFunc();
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- /* OK */
- const char* my_func(void);
- my_struct_t* my_func(int32_t a, int32_t b);
- /* Wrong */
- const char *my_func(void);
- my_struct_t * my_func(void);
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- 对齐所有的功能原型(使用相同/相似的功能)以提高可读性
- /* OK, function names aligned */
- void set(int32_t a);
- my_type_t get(void);
- my_ptr_t* get_ptr(void);
- /* Wrong */
- void set(int32_t a);
- const char * get(void);
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- 函数实现必须在单独的行中包含返回类型和可选的其他关键字
- /* OK */
- int32_t
- foo(void) {
- return 0;
- }
- /* OK */
- static const char*
- get_string(void) {
- return "Hello world!\r\n";
- }
- /* Wrong */
- int32_t foo(void) {
- return 0;
- }
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五、变量相关的规则
- /* OK */
- int32_t a;
- int32_t my_var;
- int32_t myvar;
- /* Wrong */
- int32_t A;
- int32_t myVar;
- int32_t MYVar;
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- void foo(void) {
- int32_t a, b; /* OK */
- char a;
- char b; /* Wrong, char type already exists */
- }
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- void foo(void) {
- int32_t a;
- a = bar();
- int32_t b; /* Wrong, there is already executable statement */
- }
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- int32_t a, b;
- a = foo();
- if (a) {
- int32_t c, d; /* OK, c and d are in if-statement scope */
- c = foo();
- int32_t e; /* Wrong, there was already executable statement inside block */
- }
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- /* OK */
- char* a;
- /* Wrong */
- char *a;
- char * a;
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- 当声明多个指针变量时,可以使用星号对变量名进行声明
六、结构、枚举类型定义
- 结构名或枚举名必须小写,单词之间有下划线_字符
- 结构或枚举可以包含typedef关键字
- 所有结构成员都必须小写
- 所有枚举成员必须是大写的
- 结构/枚举必须遵循doxygen文档语法
- 在声明结构体时,它可以使用以下三种不同的选项之一:
1. 当结构体仅用名称声明时,它的名称后不能包含_t后缀。
- struct struct_name {
- char* a;
- char b;
- };
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2. 当只使用typedef声明结构时,它的名称后面必须包含_t后缀。
- typedef struct {
- char* a;
- char b;
- } struct_name_t;
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3. 当结构用name和typedef声明时,它不能包含t作为基本名称,它必须在它的名称后面包含t后缀作为typedef部分。
- typedef struct struct_name {
- char* a;
- char b;
- char c;
- } struct_name_t;
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- /* a and b must be separated to 2 lines */
- /* Name of structure with typedef must include _t suffix */
- typedef struct {
- int32_t a, b;
- } a;
- /* Corrected version */
- typedef struct {
- int32_t a;
- int32_t b;
- } a_t;
- /* Wrong name, it must not include _t suffix */
- struct name_t {
- int32_t a;
- int32_t b;
- };
- /* Wrong parameters, must be all uppercase */
- typedef enum {
- MY_ENUM_TESTA,
- my_enum_testb,
- } my_enum_t;
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- /* OK */
- a_t a = {
- .a = 4,
- .b = 5,
- };
- /* Wrong */
- a_t a = {1, 2};
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- 当为函数句柄引入new typedef时,使用_fn后缀
- /* Function accepts 2 parameters and returns uint8_t */
- /* Name of typedef has `_fn` suffix */
- typedef uint8_t (*my_func_typedef_fn)(uint8_t p1, const char* p2);
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七、复合语句规则
- 每个复合语句必须包括左花括号和右花括号,即使它只包含1个嵌套语句
- 每个复合语句必须包含单个缩进;嵌套语句时,每个嵌套包含1个缩进大小
- /* OK */
- if (c) {
- do_a();
- } else {
- do_b();
- }
- /* Wrong */
- if (c)
- do_a();
- else
- do_b();
- /* Wrong */
- if (c) do_a();
- else do_b();
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- 在if或if-else-if语句的情况下,else必须与第一条语句的右括号在同一行
- /* OK */
- if (a) {
- } else if (b) {
- } else {
- }
- /* Wrong */
- if (a) {
- }
- else {
- }
- /* Wrong */
- if (a) {
- }
- else
- {
- }
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- 在do-while语句的情况下,while部分必须与do部分的右括号在同一行
- /* OK */
- do {
- int32_t a;
- a = do_a();
- do_b(a);
- } while (check());
- /* Wrong */
- do
- {
- /* ... */
- } while (check());
- /* Wrong */
- do {
- /* ... */
- }
- while (check());
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- if (a) {
- do_a();
- } else {
- do_b();
- if (c) {
- do_c();
- }
- }
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- 不要做没有花括号的复合语句,即使是单个语句。下面的例子展示了一些不好的做法
- if (a) do_b();
- else do_c();
- if (a) do_a(); else do_b();
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- 空while循环、do-while循环或for循环必须包含花括号
- /* OK */
- while (is_register_bit_set()) {}
- /* Wrong */
- while (is_register_bit_set());
- while (is_register_bit_set()) { }
- while (is_register_bit_set()) {
- }
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- 如果while(或for、do-while等)为空(嵌入式编程中也可能是这种情况),请使用空的单行括号
- /* Wait for bit to be set in embedded hardware unit
- uint32_t* addr = HW_PERIPH_REGISTER_ADDR;
- /* Wait bit 13 to be ready */
- while (*addr & (1 << 13)) {} /* OK, empty loop contains no spaces inside curly brackets */
- while (*addr & (1 << 13)) { } /* Wrong */
- while (*addr & (1 << 13)) { /* Wrong */
- }
- while (*addr & (1 << 13)); /* Wrong, curly brackets are missing. Can lead to compiler warnings or unintentional bugs */
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- /* Not recommended */
- int32_t a = 0;
- while (a < 10) {
- .
- ..
- ...
- ++a;
- }
- /* Better */
- for (size_t a = 0; a < 10; ++a) {
- }
- /* Better, if inc may not happen in every cycle */
- for (size_t a = 0; a < 10; ) {
- if (...) {
- ++a;
- }
- }
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八、分支语句规则
- 为每个case语句添加单个缩进
- 使用额外的单缩进break语句在每个case或default
- /* OK, every case has single indent */
- /* OK, every break has additional indent */
- switch (check()) {
- case 0:
- do_a();
- break;
- case 1:
- do_b();
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- /* Wrong, case indent missing */
- switch (check()) {
- case 0:
- do_a();
- break;
- case 1:
- do_b();
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- /* Wrong */
- switch (check()) {
- case 0:
- do_a();
- break; /* Wrong, break must have indent as it is under case */
- case 1:
- do_b(); /* Wrong, indent under case is missing */
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
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- /* OK */
- switch (var) {
- case 0:
- do_job();
- break;
- default: break;
- }
- /* Wrong, default is missing */
- switch (var) {
- case 0:
- do_job();
- break;
- }
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- 如果需要局部变量,则使用花括号并在里面放入break语句。将左花括号放在case语句的同一行
- switch (a) {
- /* OK */
- case 0: {
- int32_t a, b;
- char c;
- a = 5;
- /* ... */
- break;
- }
- /* Wrong */
- case 1:
- {
- int32_t a;
- break;
- }
- /* Wrong, break shall be inside */
- case 2: {
- int32_t a;
- }
- break;
- }
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九、宏和预处理指令
- 总是使用宏而不是文字常量,特别是对于数字
- 所有的宏必须是全大写的,并带有下划线_字符(可选),除非它们被明确标记为function,将来可能会被常规函数语法替换
- /* OK */
- #define MY_MACRO(x) ((x) * (x))
- /* Wrong */
- #define square(x) ((x) * (x))
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- /* OK */
- #define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
- /* Wrong */
- #define MIN(x, y) x < y ? x : y
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- /* Wrong */
- #define MIN(x, y) (x) < (y) ? (x) : (y)
- #define SUM(x, y) (x) + (y)
- /* Imagine result of this equation using wrong SUM implementation */
- int32_t x = 5 * SUM(3, 4); /* Expected result is 5 * 7 = 35 */
- int32_t x = 5 * (3) + (4); /* It is evaluated to this, final result = 19 which is not what we expect */
- /* Correct implementation */
- #define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
- #define SUM(x, y) ((x) + (y))
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- 当宏使用多个语句时,使用do-while(0)语句保护它
- typedef struct {
- int32_t px, py;
- } point_t;
- point_t p; /* Define new point */
- /* Wrong implementation */
- /* Define macro to set point */
- #define SET_POINT(p, x, y) (p)->px = (x); (p)->py = (y) /* 2 statements. Last one should not implement semicolon */
- SET_POINT(&p, 3, 4); /* Set point to position 3, 4. This evaluates to... */
- (&p)->px = (3); (&p)->py = (4); /* ... to this. In this example this is not a problem. */
- /* Consider this ugly code, however it is valid by C standard (not recommended) */
- if (a) /* If a is true */
- if (b) /* If b is true */
- SET_POINT(&p, 3, 4);/* Set point to x = 3, y = 4 */
- else
- SET_POINT(&p, 5, 6);/* Set point to x = 5, y = 6 */
- /* Evaluates to code below. Do you see the problem? */
- if (a)
- if (b)
- (&p)->px = (3); (&p)->py = (4);
- else
- (&p)->px = (5); (&p)->py = (6);
- /* Or if we rewrite it a little */
- if (a)
- if (b)
- (&p)->px = (3);
- (&p)->py = (4);
- else
- (&p)->px = (5);
- (&p)->py = (6);
- /*
- * Ask yourself a question: To which `if` statement `else` keyword belongs?
- *
- * Based on first part of code, answer is straight-forward. To inner `if` statement when we check `b` condition
- * Actual answer: Compilation error as `else` belongs nowhere
- */
- /* Better and correct implementation of macro */
- #define SET_POINT(p, x, y) do { (p)->px = (x); (p)->py = (y); } while (0) /* 2 statements. No semicolon after while loop */
- /* Or even better */
- #define SET_POINT(p, x, y) do { \ /* Backslash indicates statement continues in new line */
- (p)->px = (x); \
- (p)->py = (y); \
- } while (0) /* 2 statements. No semicolon after while loop */
- /* Now original code evaluates to */
- if (a)
- if (b)
- do { (&p)->px = (3); (&p)->py = (4); } while (0);
- else
- do { (&p)->px = (5); (&p)->py = (6); } while (0);
- /* Every part of `if` or `else` contains only `1` inner statement (do-while), hence this is valid evaluation */
- /* To make code perfect, use brackets for every if-ifelse-else statements */
- if (a) { /* If a is true */
- if (b) { /* If b is true */
- SET_POINT(&p, 3, 4);/* Set point to x = 3, y = 4 */
- } else {
- SET_POINT(&p, 5, 6);/* Set point to x = 5, y = 6 */
- }
- }
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- /* OK */
- #if defined(XYZ)
- #if defined(ABC)
- /* do when ABC defined */
- #endif /* defined(ABC) */
- #else /* defined(XYZ) */
- /* Do when XYZ not defined */
- #endif /* !defined(XYZ) */
- /* Wrong */
- #if defined(XYZ)
- #if defined(ABC)
- /* do when ABC defined */
- #endif /* defined(ABC) */
- #else /* defined(XYZ) */
- /* Do when XYZ not defined */
- #endif /* !defined(XYZ) */
- 文档
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- 文档化的代码允许doxygen解析和通用的html/pdf/latex输出,因此正确地执行是非常重要的。
- 对变量、函数和结构/枚举使用doxygen支持的文档样式
- 经常使用\作为doxygen,不要使用@
- 始终使用5x4空格(5个制表符)作为文本行开始的偏移量
- /**
- * \brief Holds pointer to first entry in linked list
- * Beginning of this text is 5 tabs (20 spaces) from beginning of line
- */
- static
- type_t* list;
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- 每个结构/枚举成员都必须包含文档
- 注释的开头使用12x4空格偏移量
- /**
- * \brief This is point struct
- * \note This structure is used to calculate all point
- * related stuff
- */
- typedef struct {
- int32_t x; /*!< Point X coordinate */
- int32_t y; /*!< Point Y coordinate */
- int32_t size; /*!< Point size.
- Since comment is very big,
- you may go to next line */
- } point_t;
- /**
- * \brief Point color enumeration
- */
- typedef enum {
- COLOR_RED, /*!< Red color. This comment has 12x4
- spaces offset from beginning of line */
- COLOR_GREEN, /*!< Green color */
- COLOR_BLUE, /*!< Blue color */
- } point_color_t;
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- 函数的文档必须在函数实现中编写(通常是源文件)
- 函数必须包括简要和所有参数文档
- 如果每个参数分别为in或out输入和输出,则必须注意
- 如果函数返回某个值,则必须包含返回形参。这不适用于void函数
- 函数可以包含其他doxygen关键字,如note或warning
- 在参数名和描述之间使用冒号:
- /**
- * \brief Sum `2` numbers
- * \param[in] a: First number
- * \param[in] b: Second number
- * \return Sum of input values
- */
- int32_t
- sum(int32_t a, int32_t b) {
- return a + b;
- }
- /**
- * \brief Sum `2` numbers and write it to pointer
- * \note This function does not return value, it stores it to pointer instead
- * \param[in] a: First number
- * \param[in] b: Second number
- * \param[out] result: Output variable used to save result
- */
- void
- void_sum(int32_t a, int32_t b, int32_t* result) {
- *result = a + b;
- }
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- 如果函数返回枚举的成员,则使用ref关键字指定哪个成员
- /**
- * \brief My enumeration
- */
- typedef enum {
- MY_ERR, /*!< Error value */
- MY_OK /*!< OK value */
- } my_enum_t;
- /**
- * \brief Check some value
- * \return \ref MY_OK on success, member of \ref my_enum_t otherwise
- */
- my_enum_t
- check_value(void) {
- return MY_OK;
- }
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- 对常量或数字使用符号(' NULL ' => NULL)
- /**
- * \brief Get data from input array
- * \param[in] in: Input data
- * \return Pointer to output data on success, `NULL` otherwise
- */
- const void *
- get_data(const void* in) {
- return in;
- }
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- 宏的文档必须包括hideinitializer doxygen命令
- /**
- * \brief Get minimal value between `x` and `y`
- * \param[in] x: First value
- * \param[in] y: Second value
- * \return Minimal value between `x` and `y`
- * \hideinitializer
- */
- #define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
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十、头/源文件
- 在文件末尾留下一个空行
- 每个文件都必须包括文件的doxygen注释和后跟空行的简要描述(使用doxygen时)
- /**
- * \file template.h
- * \brief Template include file
- */
- /* Here is empty line */
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- 每个文件(头文件或源文件)必须包含许可证(开始注释包括单个星号,因为doxygen必须忽略这个)
- 使用与项目/库已经使用的相同的许可证
- /**
- * \file template.h
- * \brief Template include file
- */
- /*
- * Copyright (c) year FirstName LASTNAME
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
- * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
- * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
- * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
- * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
- * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
- * subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
- * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
- * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
- * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
- * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
- * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
- * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
- * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * This file is part of library_name.
- *
- * Author: FirstName LASTNAME <optional_email@example.com>
- */
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- 头文件必须包含保护符#ifndef
- 头文件必须包含c++检查
- 在c++检查之外包含外部头文件
- 首先用STL C文件包含外部头文件,然后是应用程序自定义文件
- 头文件必须包含其他所有头文件,以便正确编译,但不能包含更多头文件(如果需要,.c应该包含其余的头文件)
- 头文件必须只公开模块公共变量/类型/函数
- 在头文件中使用extern作为全局模块变量,稍后在源文件中定义它们
- /* file.h ... */
- #ifndef ...
- extern int32_t my_variable; /* This is global variable declaration in header */
- #endif
- /* file.c ... */
- int32_t my_variable; /* Actually defined in source */
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- 不要把.c文件包含在另一个.c文件中
- .c文件应该首先包含相应的.h文件,然后是其他文件,除非另有明确的必要
- 在头文件中不包含模块私有声明
- 头文件示例(示例中没有license)
- /* License comes here */
- #ifndef TEMPLATE_HDR_H
- #define TEMPLATE_HDR_H
- /* Include headers */
- #ifdef __cplusplus
- extern "C" {
- #endif /* __cplusplus */
- /* File content here */
- #ifdef __cplusplus
- }
- #endif /* __cplusplus */
- #endif /* TEMPLATE_HDR_H */
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作者:嵌入式大杂烩
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